Al et hasakhar vehaonesh vehaolam haba al hishaarut hanefesh utekhiyat hametim 

על עת השּׂכר והענשׁ והעוֹלם הבּא על השּׁארוּתעל הנּפשׁ וּתחית המּתים
 
The retribution of God does not necessarily follow immediately after the offense, and sometimes even not in this life. The retribution of God comes sometimes comes shortly after the offense, sometimes after a short or a long time, and sometimes after death in the world beyond עוֹלם הבּא Olam habaa, all this depends on the (for human) incomprehensible Intention of God.
The human soul is immortal השּׁארוּת הנּפשׁ Hishaarut hanefesh, it has a separate independdant life on the human body, therefore it is not possible to say that life ends when we die. Death according to our faith is only the separation of the soul from the body. Holy Scripture informs us that one day there will be a Great Judgement, when all the dead will be resurrected תחית המּתים Tekhiyat hametim, they will rise up before the court of the Highest, at that time the acts of each individual will be definitelly assesed.

 
And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to reproaches and everlasting abhorrence. (Dan 12:2)
 
יהוה killeth, and maketh alive; He bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up. (1 Sam 2:6)
 
Thy dead shall live, my dead bodies shall arise! Awake and sing, ye that dwell in the dust! (Isaiah 26:19)
 
For Thou wilt not abandon my soul to the nether-world; neither wilt Thou suffer Thy godly one to see the pit. Thou makest me to know the path of life; in Thy presence is fulness of joy, in Thy right hand bliss for evermore. (Psalm 16:10-11)